Eaglstein WH, Holding the edges of the dressing, place it over the wound. 2022 Lighthouse Medical Supplies Ltd., BermudaPowered by Shopify, Lighthouse Medical Supplies Ltd., Bermuda. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Cherry GW. Fax: 1 (631) 656-3810, Sign up below to receive exclusive offers and information. Woodley DT. However such conflict was less likely to occur with physicians, as nurses tended to have closer relationships with their medical colleagues. McCallon ST, Lyder CH, Liu YY, Stems the bleeding - It closes the wound and thus helps the body to clot first and then heal the wound. Chumber S, The frequency with which gauze has to be changed relates not only to unit cost but also to skill, particularly in relation to gauze packing into small sinuses. Menon GR, | Shower Shields or Dressing Protectors, 5 Best Cast Covers for Shower [Top Selling Cast Covers], Treatment of Wound Infection and Managing Wound Odor, Exudate Management: Understand Wound Healing Better, AMD General Use Non-Sterile Econo Gauze Sponges, Advance measures and challenges of wound healing, Fibers pressed together to resemble a weave, Allows the healing liquid to be absorbed into the wound, Greater absorbency and improved wicking capacity, Usually made from artificial fibers such as rayon or nylon, It is generally used where debridement is necessary, It is generally used where more secure padding is needed, It is a commonly used gauze while treating a wound as it collects the necrotic tissue, It is soft, bulky, and stronger than other gauze types, Non-woven gauze dressings are made of artificial fibers and many a time can be allergic to some people. Shop Woundcare offers a wide range of Gauze Dressings. Heres a picture of them all, side-by-side: It is also very common to use cotton gauze or swabs when providing first aid to wounds, and well cover those too. Physical Sports Limited sells first aid and medical supplies for the treatment of sports injuries. Types of Gauze Dressings | Woven vs Non-woven Gauze | Features of Gauze Dressings | How to Apply Gauze Dressing? Moller MA. Other reasons may be less financially driven or complex and can be explained as comfort factors, that is, practitioners are accustomed to using gauze and have no reason to change. We recommend: Steropad dressings. Larsson K, Moving the dressing when it is in contact with the wound may cause further damage and bleeding. Protects from infection - The gauze acts as a shield from outside contamination and thus protects the wound from infections of any kind. On removal, they have been found not to stick to wounds, causing less trauma to the newly formed tissues (45, 63, 79) as in the case of gauze. AKA: first aid dressing, HSE dressing, roll dressing, ambulance dressing, Use for: larger, deeper wounds with bleeding. What Should a Sports First Aid KitContain? Sign up for exclusive discount offers and promotional coupons. | www.Physical-Sports.co.uk | 01943 662 155. Organisation development and transformation: managing effective change, Profile of the tissue viability nurse specialist in the UK. Accessibility In such situations, it is conceivable that the dressing may become the primary focus and seen as the cause of a wound infection. Young MJ, Removal of dry conventional dressings, such as gauze from colonised wounds, releases significantly greater numbers of bacteria into the air as compared with occlusive dressings. Nemeth AJ, This of course does little to change medical practice as it only serves to reinforce the belief that treatment with gauze is successful. Balin AK, Our content should never be used for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of any medical conditions. Good quality first aid dressings for general use. Other reviews (66, 67) have also reported that hydrocolloids provide an optimal environment for the functioning of the normal defence mechanisms vital for the control of invading organisms. It is fairly simple to apply a gauze dressing if the wound is a basic one. Otherwise, use whichever one is sterile. Valiulus P, Ladin DA, Improper handling of the wound may result in infections and further harm to health. Gauze swabs are made of an open-weave cotton material and non-woven swabs are made of a material made from bonded fibres. Available in sterile and non-sterile packs. This type of dressing has a pad made of an absorbent material (often cotton wool). Lougheed WM, Hutchinson JJ. Harding KG, editors. Shrubb J. Gauze induced granuloma: an uncommon complication of gauze reinforcement of berry aneurysms, Prevalence of wound infection under occlusive dressings: a collective survey of reported research, Evaluating the permeability of hydrocolloid dressings to multiresistant Stapylococcus aureas. You can check brands such as Seal-Tight, Shower Shield, Aquaguard, etc., for the best-quality water barriers and shower shields. Wible JM, The wound must be cleaned properly using an anti-septic liquid thoroughly before using the gauze. Turner TD. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 21 November 1995; London: Macmillan, 1996: 20914. Careers, Disintegration of cellulose dressings in open granulation. Sponge Gauze - They are not as their name is, as they arent made of sponge. Use a dressing that is large enough to cover the wound completely. Orsted H, The ability to change practice therefore may be hindered by a lack of sufficient knowledge about the way in which individual dressings work especially with the large variation in modern dressing products that exist today. Lydon MJ, Varghese MC, Take care not to touch the surface of the pad that will be in contact with the wound. Deck J, This apparent refusal by nurses to follow the doctor's instructions is not unique to wound care and is traditionally referred to as the doctornurse game (87). In Flanagan's (85) and Harker's (86) studies, specialist nurses described that frequent conflict regarding dressing choice was most likely to be evident in surgical areas. Turner TD. Ohlsson P, Air exposure vs. occlusion: merits and disadvantages of different dressings, Hydrocolloids in wound management: pros and cons. Zederfeld B. Use for: padding, protection, wiping, cleaning, extra absorbency, improvised dressings. Queen D, Galland RB. Harrington C. Cost and costeffectiveness of venous and pressure ulcer protocols of care, Hydrocolloid vs. salinegauze dressings in treating pressure ulcers: a costeffectiveness analysis, A comparison of the efficacy and costeffectiveness of two methods of managing pressure ulcers. Cullum N, Reliance on the information provided on our website as a basis for patient treatment is solely at your own risk. Learn how your comment data is processed. Disclaimer: All content found on our website, including images, videos, infographics and text were created solely for informational purposes. 2021 Dukal, LLC - All rights reserved. The film surface helps to prevent the pad sticking to the wound, allowing the dressing to be removed with minimum discomfort and damage. Receive discounts, special offers and new product announcements. In countries such as US, Germany and Japan although it is the doctor who prescribes the dressing, the mode of application or removal may not be performed as prescribed. General strategies for effecting changes in human systems. Golden K, In: Ryan TJ, editor. Tasker RR, The right kind of gauze dressing will help in the healing process and will also reduce the pain. It may be therefore argued that the resistance to change by practitioners from gauze to modern products was and continues to be, based on their lack of knowledge, relating to product development and the principles that underpin moist wound healing. Sussman GA. Carter M, Boulton AJM. Corporate Office: Place your order today and get the best online discounts on every purchase. Nelson EA, Wysocki AB, Benne KD. Drain Gauze - They are usually used to swab the wound so that all the blood and debris is cleared. Replace the dressing if it moves out of position, dont remove and re-use the existing dressing. Phillips T, Smyth HS, Bell CH Jr, CALL 777-5483. We recommend: Steropax Plus. Surgeons traditionally have made the initial choice of dressings at the end of surgery (84) with many still opting for gauze due to low unit cost and personal preference. Falanga V. Faster healing and less pain in skin biopsy sites treated with occlusive dressing, Bridging the gap between research and practice. Just as good as the brand names like Melolin, but much less costly. Marshall J, All Rights Reserved. Singh A, Do not stuff it tightly as the wound needs to breathe. Sennett L. Consistency and cost of home wound management by contract nurses. National Library of Medicine If, such terms imply to those with limited experience and/or time, dressings that retain sufficient moisture at the wound bed and maintain a moist environment, then the application of wettomoist dressings may be considered by some, an acceptable dressing. Peerson LJ, We recommend: Reliance or Premier non-woven swabs. These shower patches protect the wound from water-borne infections by keeping moisture away. RagnarsonTennvall G, Vacuumassisted closure versus salinemoistened gauze in the healing of postoperative diabetic foot wounds. What's the difference between Woven and Non-Woven Gauze Sponges? Caldwell D. Local environment of chronic wounds under synthetic dressings. From their initial introduction, hydrocolloids were, and still are, designed to be left in place for several days. However as a gauze dressing requires frequent renewal, the cost argument needs to be questioned. How to Use Elastic Adhesive Bandage(EAB). To apply, wind the short end of the bandage around the limb once to hold the dressing in place, then bandage over the whole dressing with the longer end. In: French W, This causes the deposition of lint in the wound which is harmful if it is a cut or a deep wound. Undoubtedly education plays a significant part in informing practitioners, but one must consider that within the current demands of health service delivery and the increasing amount of clinical evidence practitioners have to read, wound care is often placed low on the list of competing priorities. Armstrong M, Faruqi RM, (37), it was observed that although wettodry gauze dressings were prescribed, on removal they were frequently moistened by nurses even though they had been instructed to remove them dry to facilitate mechanical debridement. Also, the use of artificial fibers makes the gauze dressing more expensive than other. Newer formulations of CMC dressings used as packing material have been shown to have numerous positive benefits for the patient resulting in less pain on application and removal and decreased use of analgesia (48, 50). Ryan TJ. Srivastava A. Metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials on hydrocolloid occlusive dressing versus conventional gauze dressing in the healing of chronic wounds. The pad is attached to a stretchy rolled bandage enabling the dressing to be easily secured to the affected area. Dressing protectors are made of plastic or synthetic rubber-like material to help avoid any disruption in the wound healing process. Are hydrocolloid dressings bacteria proof? To demonstrate the sort of size range available, here is a pic of a large 20cm x 9cm adhesive dressing against a normal blue plaster: To apply, hold the adhesive dressing facing downwards and carefully peel back the protective cover to expose the pad. Persson U. Longterm costs for foot ulcers in diabetic patients in a multidisciplinary setting. Difference Between a Woven and Non-woven Gauze Dressing, Disadvantages of Woven and Non-woven Gauze Dressings, How to protect gauze dressing? Jacox A. Kornlewicz D, Although there are many complex issues related to the continued use of gauze, in some countries, it is simply related to reimbursement of dressings and individual insurance cover. This inevitably can detract practitioners from considering other factors that are more likely to be the cause of wound infection, such as compromised circulation, or the presence of necrotic material (72). Change). Rippon M, Although there are various theories regarding why people change or alter their behaviour, the acquisition of knowledge can give people the power to change and is the tool that can be used for modifying patterns of practice and facilitate institutional change (83). Scudder C, We recommend: CMS big plasters for general first aid use theyre great value. Proceedings of 3rd European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 1922 October 1993; London: Macmillan Publishers, 1994:9396. Whilst these comfort factors apply to practitioner, it is doubtful they apply to the patient. Chronic wound care: a clinical source book for healthcare professionals. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. RagnarsonTennvall G, The absorbent material draws and holds liquid away from wound. Stotts N, Due to the inherent difficulties of conducting controlled wound dressing trials in this heterogeneous population, reviews have highlighted that despite good evidence many studies have design flaws with small sample sizes and variable outcome measures (32, 52). These shower patches are designed according to various parts of the body like elbow, arms, chest, etc. Gauze Sponges are made from 100% Woven Cotton while Non-Woven Gauze Sponges are made from a Poly Rayon Blend. Deterioration of diabetic foot lesions under hydrocolloid dressings, Moist wound healing with occlusive dressings: a clinical focus. Bradley M, There are a wide range of adhesive dressings available, from normal plasters to large post-surgery dressings. Lindholm C, Dissolution of wound coagulation and promotion of granulation tissue under DuoDerm, The invitro response of fibroblasts to the fluid that accumulates under vapour permeable membrane. Wound prevalence, types and treatments in home care, The tradition and terminology of wound dressings: food for thought, Comparison of a hydrocolloid dressing and silver sulphadiazine cream in the outpatient management of second degree burns, Prospective, multicentre study of managing lower extremity venous ulcers. Shower shields are water-tight and air-tight. These dressing pads have a perforated film surface, backed with an absorbent pad. Place the dressing directly onto the wound, do not slide it into position and do not move if once it is in place. The pad is covered in a non-woven fabric, which prevents fibres from the absorbent material sticking to the wound. The center is absorbent and soaks in all the debris and blood. Lindholm C, Apelqvist J, FOIA A costeffectiveness study of leg ulcer treatment in primary care. Where doctors were prescribing dressings, nurses in both Flanagan and Harker's work described feeling under pressure to conform and often found it easier to give in and use treatment they disagreed with to maintain the ward equilibrium. Sheldon T, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 1922 October 1993; London: Macmillan, 1993: 11720. Hutchinson JJ, We urge all our customers to always consult a physician or a certified medical professional before trying or using a new medical product. If the wound needs simple covering, then press the gauze slowly over the wound and use medical tape to pack it. 5% infections with hydrocolloids. Depending on the exudate released, the gauze must be changed a number of times in the day. Wrapping Gauze - They are usually used for securing the wound so that it doesnt get contaminated. A retrospective study of the use of Granuflex and other dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Lawrence's work (58, 69) has contributed greatly to our understanding of airborne dispersal as in his 1994 study (58), he revealed air dispersed organisms to be 15 times greater in cellulose than occlusive dressings with organism counts remaining virtually unchanged 30min after removal. Xakelli G, Wecan be a strong long term partner for you in the PPE category. (LogOut/ These drain gauzes also collect the necrotic tissue so that it doesnt infect the wound. Bjellerup M, AKA: plasters, big plasters, adhesive dressing pads, Band Aid, Use for: cuts, scratches, abrasions, lightly bleeding wounds, post-surgical wounds. Zawacki RA, editors. Impregnated Gauze - The dressings are completely coated with antiseptic or antibiotic liquids that help in reducing infection and promote faster healing. Enhanced wound angiogenesis with a new hydrocolloid dressing. If you need something big and waterproof, try Premierfilm+ adhesive dressings. In: Krasner D, You can browse our full range of dressings and plasters for sale by clicking here. The cost and efficacy of two wound treatments. Reduces pain - The analgesic applied with the gauze helps clean the wound as well as reduce the burning sensation of the wound. Dont apply adhesive tape all the way around a limb or finger as this can restrict circulation. This means that Gauze Sponges are coarser and used in more general applications where a wound might need to be cleaned, debrided or packed. 2 Fleetwood Ct. Harding KG, editors. These sterile dressings have an absorbent low adherent dressing pad with an adhesive fabric or waterproof plastic backing. The performance of occlusive dressings in the clinical situation will always be affected by a variety of patient and environmental factors. If blood soaks through the second dressing. Alpha 1 antitrypsin is degraded and nonfunctional in acute wounds. Turner TD, Schmidt RJ, Slaughter R, Swabs are squares of material available in various sizes. Farinas LP. Hughes L. Cost benefit of two dressings in the management of surgical wounds. Leigh IM. AKA: low adherent dressing pad, dressing pad, sterile pad, PFA dressing, Melolin, Use for: scrapes, abrasions, burns, small wounds, lightly bleeding or dry wounds. De Sousa N, Fulford S, They have also been reported to provide local pain relief to the wound area which is thought to be due to protection of the nerve endings (40, 80, 81). Absorbs debris - Debris such as outside contaminates and necrotic tissue needs to be cleaned, and the gauze absorbs all these. Knight CA, In: Ryan TJ, editor. Chin R, Taylor JR, Sharma LK, Peel away the rest of the protective cover and press the edges of the adhesive dressing down. Patient movement may also cause the dressing to move or wrinkle allowing organisms passage to and from the wound site (70, 71). However strong research evidence may be anecdotal evidence will often influence choice. Loosen the bandage if its restricting circulation. Cherry GW, Legemate D. Dressings and topical agents for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention, Wettodry gauze dressing. (LogOut/ Westwood B, If blood soaks through the first dressing, cover it with another dressing, do not replace it. Once the sterile dressing is opened, it ceases to be sterile, so dont used dressings that have previously been opened or have damaged packaging. Ronkonkoma, NY 11779, Phone: 1 (631) 656-3800 Toll Free: 1 (800) 243-0741 Alvarez AF, Rodeheaver GT, Falanga V. Human wound fluid from acute wounds stimulates fibroblast and endothelial cell growth, The effects of occlusive dressings on collagen synthesis and reepithelialisation in superficial wounds. Katz MH, Eaglstein EH, Gemmen E, Heres a comparison picture to show the difference in texture between the cotton gauze version and the non-woven version: A dressing pad can be made from a folded piece of gauze, or some swabs. They are very useful because they can be used as an absorbent dressing, for cleaning around a wound and for drying around a wound after washing. Whereas in theory the appropriate selection of dressings may be considered vital to the process of healing, in practice if the unit cost of a dressing is of prime concern, then the wider issues of patient comfort, slower healing rates and staff time may not be considered. Overview of wound healing in a moist environment, Diabetic foot ulcers: a framework for prevention and care, The role of occlusive dressings in infection control, Occlusive dressings: a microbiological and clinical review, Wound infection under occlusive dressings, Wound dressing and airborne dispersal of bacteria. Studies of the role of the nurse in wound care have revealed that decisions are often influenced, not by professional factors such as knowledge, or use of research findings, but by interpersonal factors such as lack of assertiveness and relationships with doctors or other nurses in the team. Bordered Gauze - The borders of this gauze are adhesive so that it can easily stick to the wound without any medical tape. Thomas S, Wear disposable gloves (they dont need to be sterile) whenever possible when treating a wound and handling a dressing. If you have bandaged the dressing, check the circulation in the end of the limb, and continue to re-check frequently. Any gauze dressing folded into a square is referred to as a sponge gauze. Grinnell F. Wound fluid from chronic leg ulcers contains elevated levels of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, Growth factors and chronic wounds: the need to understand the microenvironment, Characterization of biologic properties of wound fluid collected during early stages of wound healing. An environment for healing; the role of occlusion. This type of dressing can be secured in place with adhesive tape, or a rolled bandage. Goossens A, Earn 20% Reward$* Sitewide, Code: SWCSWO, Exclusions Apply Sign Up & Get Up To 15% Off Your First Purchase. Templin TN, © 2011 - 2022 Shop Wound Care. Fact and fiction. Bale SB, It was reported some time ago in a review by Hutchinson and Lawrence (68) that airborne organism dispersal, transmitted on dressing removal, had the potential to increase hospital acquired infections especially where resistant organism are encountered. Effect of air exposure and occlusion on experimental human skin wounds, The effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: a study using the rabbit ear chamber, Cellophane dressing for second degree burns, Experiments with occlusive dressings of a new plastic, Clinical trial of occlusive plastic dressings, On taping (adhesive tape treatment) of leg ulcers, Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelialisation of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig. Halder S, Ryan TJ, Although a specialist nurse may advocate the use of modern dressings, they may not always be in a position to apply the primary wound dressing. The application of a cellulose based fibre dressing in surgical wounds. Cunningham MW, Torgerson D. Systematic reviews of wound care management: (2) dressings and topical agents used in the healing of chronic wounds, Surgical sponges: a cause of granuloma and adhesion formation, Foreign material and postoperative adhesions, The cause and prevention of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. The mainstay of our own first aid kits. Shower shield water barriers are designed to protect your dressing from moisture. Barbiour S, The gauze makes sure the wound stays sterile and the healing is uninhibited. Larson EL, Wound dressings. Packing a wound with gauze takes greater dexterity, uses more equipment and nurse time and is unlikely to fill the wound space once the gauze has dried and shrunk. However, the view that gauze is as efficacious and clinically effective as the perceived more expensive modern materials appears to continue (82). Always wash your hands first and see to it that all the things used are sterile so that there is no infection of any kind. Gauze dressings are an indispensable part of wound care and depending on the wound, one must make sure they use the right kind of gauze. In the study of Turner et al. Anti-microbial Gauze - Its main function is to keep microbes and bacteria away from the wound. This will protect you and the casualty from cross infection. Ubbink D, Conforming Gauze - A flexible gauze dressing, it can be stretched or folded according to one's needs and fits all wound types. One can shower independently without getting worried about the wound. A single swab usually has 4 to 8 layers of material. Cheap, plentiful and very useful. Knowles EA, Christensen OB, There are three major types of Gauze Dressings based on the difference in characteristics and the work they do. Dobal M, Kirsner RS, We offer both sterile and non-sterile forms of gauze sponges, however, it is recommended while treating open wounds to use sterile sponges only. Whatever the underlying cause, with the amount of research that has been performed and published since the concept of moist wound healing was introduced, it is hard to imagine that such ritualistic and outdated practices would exist in any other area of healthcare. StaianoCoico L, Johnson E, When handling the dressing pad only hold the edges. SAME OR NEXT DAY FREE DELIVERY for all $50 or more orders! Sterile dressings have expiry dates, so its a good idea to check the dates of your first aid supplies regularly. Take care not to touch the surface of the dressing that will come into contact with the wound. Quality of life in chronic leg ulcer patients: an assessment according to the Nottingham health profile. The variation in the performance of different dressings, and the complexity of different wound types, has in the past contributed to the difficulty in providing practitioners with conclusive evidence that any one dressing may be clinically or costeffective over another. Conventional gauze dressings adhere to the wound bed, cause bleeding and tissue damage on dressing removal and expose the patient to unnecessary pain 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78). An environment for healing: the role of occlusion. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Kerstein MD, Petticrew M, If you have a choice between cotton gauze and non-woven material and both are sterile, use the non-woven material for wound contact because it will not leave lint in the wound. Image: A close-up view of a woven gauze pad, Image: A close-up view of a non-woven gauze pad, A short sentence describing what someone will receive by subscribing. In laymans terms, a medical gauze is a sterile pad that is applied to the wound to shield it from contamination and further infection of any kind. A prospective clinical trial of wound dressings to investigate the rate of infection under occlusion. Semiocclusive and occlusive dressings. Chilukuri K, Sibbald RG, editors. Comparison of salinegauze and hydrocolloid treatment in a prospective, randomized study. Content shared on our websites is not meant to be used as a substitute for advice from a certified medical professional. (LogOut/ Larsson J. Topical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an economic analysis of treatment alternatives and strategies. Van Rijswijk L, The shorter end of the bandage should be left free, so that you can tie the two ends together in a knot over the top of the wound. Harding KG, De Vos R, There are three main types of dressing you are likely to use in basic first aid; normal sterile wound dressings, low adherent dressing pads and adhesive dressings. BaigisSmith J, Vermeulen H, Misra MC, Put all used supplies in a plastic bag, preferably a clinical waste bag. Butz A, Keep your gloves on until you are ready to seal the bag, they should be the last item you dispose of. Apelqvist J, Get promos, discounts and deals right in your mailbox! Woven gauze dressings are made of cotton fibers and hence many a time flake lint. Roa CN, Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The reasons for the continued use of gauze are undoubtedly complex and cannot be merely related to unit cost or the perceived paucity of clinical evidence. Sanada H, Shop Woundcare is your one-stop-shop for all kinds of medical supplies, and we provide the best resolutions for your wellness and safety. Only sterile swabs should be used for dressing a wound. Pieper B, But whilst practitioners prefer to maintain the belief that there is a lack of concrete evidence for any one particular dressing, there is a substantial body of evidence against the use of gauze. Gauze Sponges are disposable medical supplies commonly used in medicine and surgery, they are used to absorb blood and other fluids as they wick vertically to draw exudates out of the wounds. What is the difference between the two, and where to use each type of gauze? Turner JG, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The development of wound management products. In earlier times, the gauze was doused in an antiseptic liquid and then applied to the wound, but nowadays, most medical gauze comes equipped with antiseptic and antibiotic properties. They are made using cotton or a nylon-rubber mix to add to the padding effect. In some cases, informed decisions on dressing choice are made by the knowledgeable specialists, but the organisation in which they work prevent them from asserting their authority over care. Dawson C, Lighthouse Medical Supplies Ltd. offers medical supplies and durable medical equipment for home care, long term care and post-hospital care. You may have heard of woven and non-woven gauze. If the injury is serious and the wound is deep, then rushing to the nearest hospital is a must. In: Leaper DJ, WipkeTevis D. Wound care practices in the Unites States. It is where the doctor believes that their instructions are carried out to the letter, but in reality the nurse does what they believe is best practice and best for the patient. Creese AL, Use of calcium alginate to pack abscess cavities: a controlled trial, Management of acute and traumatic wounds: main aspects of care in adults and children, Clinical benefit of a hydrocolloid dressing in closed surgical wounds, Nurses' views about pain and trauma at dressing changes: results of a national survey.
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